What Kind Of Animals Live In Italy

Native animals of Italy

The fauna of Italia comprises all the fauna species inhabiting the territory of the Italian Republic and its surrounding waters. Italy has one the highest level of faunal biodiversity in Europe, with over 57,000 species recorded, representing more than than a tertiary of all European fauna.^[iv] This is due to various factors. The Italian peninsula is in the centre of the Mediterranean Sea, forming a corridor between central Europe and Northward Africa, and information technology has 8,000 km (5,000 mi) of coastline. Italia also receives species from the Balkans, Eurasia, and the Middle East. Italia's varied geological construction, including the Alps and the Apennines, Central Italian woodlands, and Southern Italian Garigue and Maquis shrubland, also contribute to high climate and habitat diversity.

The fauna of Italy includes 4,777 endemic animal species, which include the Sardinian long-eared bat, Sardinian red deer, spectacled salamander, brown cave salamander, Italian newt, Italian frog, Apennine xanthous-bellied toad, Italian wall cadger, Aeolian wall cadger, Sicilian wall lizard, Italian Aesculapian snake, and Sicilian pond turtle. In Italian republic there are 119 mammals species, 550 bird species, 69 reptile species, 39 amphibian species, 623 fish species and 56,213 invertebrate species, of which 37,303 insect species.

Biodiversity [edit]

Italian republic is one of the richest European countries in both institute and animal biodiversity, with a population very rich in endemic forms.^[5] During the Pleistocene glaciations, the Italian territory remained largely free of ice, which allowed the flora and fauna to survive, something that did not happen in the central-northern areas of the continent, and the retreat of the neat glaciers has left glacial relict animate being in some mount locations.^[6]

The Italian territory extends over about x° of breadth, therefore, while remaining in the context of temperate climates without extremes of heat, common cold or aridity, the climatic deviation between the north and the south of the country is not at all negligible, going from the nival climates of the Tall peaks, to the cool semi-continental temperate climate of the Po Valley, to the Mediterranean climate of the central-southern coasts and the islands.^[7] Italy is predominantly hilly and mountainous in nature of the territory, which has caused a proliferation of ecological niches, close in space simply very diversified.^[8]

Geography and climate [edit]

Italia consists of a 1,000 km (620 miles) long peninsula extending out into the central Mediterranean, together with a number of islands to the south and west. The Apennines run north-south through the peninsula connecting the Alps in the north to Etna and the Peloritani mountains in Sicily in the south. The geology is diverse.

Northern Italian republic is dominated by the Alps and an extensive valley of the Po river which is extensively agricultural and industrialised. Primal Italy includes the regions of Tuscany, Umbria, Marche and Lazio. It is dominated past the Apennines, from which a few major rivers flow. There are few natural plains. A procedure of state reclamation has replaced the coastal swamps and marshes with agricultural land.

Southern Italy includes the regions of Abruzzo, Molise, Apulia, Basilicata and Campania. Agronomics and industry are less developed. The main islands are Sicily, Sardinia and the Aeolian Islands.

Considering of the length of the Italian peninsula and the mostly mountainous hinterland, the climate of Italy is highly diverse. In virtually of the inland northern and cardinal regions, the climate ranges from humid subtropical to humid continental and oceanic. In particular, the climate of the Po valley geographical region is mostly continental, with harsh winters and hot summers.^{[9] [ten]} The coastal areas of Liguria, Tuscany and most of the Southward generally fit the Mediterranean climate stereotype (Köppen climate classification). Each region has a distinct brute.

Ecoregions [edit]

An ecoregion is an ecologically and geographically divers expanse with feature species. About of the Italian territory is included in the Mediterranean Basin. Important Italian terrestrial ecoregions include the Illyrian deciduous forests, the Italian sclerophyllous and semi-deciduous forests, the Southward Apennine mixed montane forests, the Tyrrhenian-Adriatic sclerophyllous and mixed forests, Apennine deciduous montane forests, the Dinaric Mountains mixed forests and the Po Basin mixed forests. There are also many cave systems pregnant for biodiversity.^[11]

Owned species [edit]

The Checklist of the Species of the Italian Fauna includes iv,777 endemic animal species in Italy.^[12]

Unique mammals include the Corsican hare, the Sardinian long-eared bat, the Apennine shrew, the Udine shrew the Calabria pine vole, and the Sardinian deer.

Endemic amphibians and reptiles include the spectacled salamander, the Sardinian cavern salamander, the Italian cave salamander, the Monte Albo cave salamander, the Sardinian brook newt, the Italian newt, the Italian frog, the Apennine yellow-bellied toad, the Sicilian green toad, the Aeolian wall lizard, the Sicilian wall cadger, the Italian Aesculapian snake, and the Sicilian pond turtle (Emys trinacris).

Endemic fishes include the Bergatino loach, the Italian barbel, the brook chub, the Arno goby, the Garda carp, the carpione del Fibreno, and the Timavo sculpin. Owned birds include the Italian sparrow. At that place are 288 owned species of lepidopterans in Italy.^[13] A notable species is the European owl moth found only in Southern Italy.

Vertebrates [edit]

Mammals [edit]

There are 119 species of mammals in Italia.^[xiv] Some of the species are Alpine Marmot, forest dormouse, Etruscan shrew (the smallest mammal in the world), European snow vole, and Schreiber's long-fingered bat. Notable large mammals are the Eurasian lynx, Italian wolf, Marsican brownish bear, Pyrenean chamois, Alpine ibex, common genet, dormant deer, mouflon, rough-toothed dolphin, crested porcupine, and Mediterranean monk seal.

Birds [edit]

Italy has recorded 550 bird species.^[sixteen] Notable birds are the hoopoe, roller, white-backed woodpecker, blackness woodpecker, European green woodpecker, Alpine chough, snow finch, rock partridge, Bonelli's eagle, goshawk, eagle owl, lammergeier, Egyptian vulture, griffon vulture, collared pratincole, glossy ibis, spoonbill, Allen's gallinule, swell bustard, trumpeter finch, rosy starling, keen spotted cuckoo, woodchat shrike, bluethroat, and Eurasian nightjar.

Italian republic is an important route for trans-Saharan bird migrants, considering it is a natural span connecting continental Europe to Africa across the Mediterranean. Migratory birds with a low fly loading, such as stork, European honey buzzard, blackness kite, marsh harrier, kestrel, and hobby, depend on thermals and updrafts for soaring to cross the Mediterranean in spring. Although the majority of these birds enter Europe via the Bosphorus or Straits of Gibraltar, large numbers get out at Cap Bon in Tunisia and enter Europe via the Aeolian Islands and the Straits of Messina to Calabria. Most of these birds breed in central and northern Europe. The birds render to Africa in autumn by the aforementioned route.

Reptiles [edit]

Near 69 species of reptiles have been recorded in Italy.^[17] Notable reptiles are the Dice serpent, the Green whip snake, the Aesculapian ophidian, the Smooth ophidian, the Montpellier snake, the European true cat snake, the Walser viper, the Meadow viper, the Horned viper, the Common European adder, the Asp viper, the Hermann'due south tortoise, the European pond turtle, the Sicilian swimming turtle, the Italian wall cadger, the European wall lizard and the European green cadger.

Amphibians [edit]

In that location are 39 species of amphibians in Italy (including introduced and naturalised species) in ii orders, Anura and Caudata.^[18] No Caecilian is known to alive in the land.^[19] Notable amphibians are the Italian tree frog, Agile frog, Italian stream frog, Italian edible frog, Common toad, Balearic green toad, Northern spectacled salamander, Spectacled salamander, Fire salamander, Smooth newt, Italian newt, Alpine newt and Italian crested newt

Fishes [edit]

Fish in Italy are diversified into 623 species.^[20] Of all the species present about i fifth live in fresh waters and of these 9 are endemic.^[twenty] Notable freshwater fishes are the Brook lamprey, Lombardy lamprey, Italian bleak, Horse barbel, Eurasian carp, European chub, Scardola scardafa, Tench, Northern expressway, European perch, Lavaret and River trout.

Invertebrates [edit]

The Italian fauna includes 56,213 species of invertebrates, of which 37,303 species of insects.^[21] Commonly seen insects in Italian republic are the sail swallowtail, the red dragonfly, Cleopatra butterfly, European praying mantis, cicada, glow-worm, hummingbird hawk-moth, Italian stinkbug, firebug, field cricket, European hornet, cuckoo wasp, carpenter bee, and the rose chafer.

Marine fauna [edit]

Characteristic habitat types of the Italian Mediterranean littoral zone are the Cystoseira biocenosis and the Posidonia oceanica seagrass beds, Lithophyllum lichenoides communities grade coralligenous reefs which are a spectacular sight the coralline alga is covered with large gorgonian fans, coral, and a diverse array of often colorful invertebrate organisms and hundreds of species of fish.

These communities host sponges (Porifera), ocean anemones and jellyfish (Cnidaria), ocean mats and hornwrack (Bryozoa), segmented worms (Annelida), snails, bivalves, squids and octopuses (Mollusca), starfish and sea urchins (Echinodermata), venereal, lobsters and shrimps (Crustacea), and little known groups such as Echiura, Priapulida, Sipuncula, Brachiopoda, Pogonophora, Phoronida, and Hemichordata.

Amongst the thousand or so species of invertebrates found in the Italian marine environment are Squilla mantis, Mediterranean slipper lobsters, common octopus, common cuttlefish, scribbled nudibranch, Hypselodoris picta, tasselled nudibranch, Flabellina affinis, precious coral, zigzag coral, purple sheet, Mediterranean jellyfish, spiny spider crab, round crab, wide-clawed porcelain crab, noble pen beat out, pilgrim'south scallop, ragged sea hare, violet sea hare, Portuguese man o' war, blackness sea-urchin, purple sea urchin, Mediterranean starfish, sea mouse, and Parazoanthus axinellae.

Strait of Messina [edit]

The Tyrrhenian and Ionian meet in Straits of Messina, generating powerful currents and stiff turbulence, aggravated past the abrupt changes of sea bottom topography in the vicinity of the town of Messina. As a event, many species known as rare in the Mediterranean are found in large numbers in the straits. Information technology is common to detect deep species at the surface and vice versa, or open-ocean species forth the coast. The upwelling h2o drags abyssal species to the surface and sometimes strands them on the shore. Made famous in the nineteenth century by the zoologists Nicholas Miklouho-Maclay and Anton Dohrn, the straits have an extraordinary affluence and structure of planktonic, benthic, and nektonic communities.

Introduced species [edit]

Ii monk parakeets, native of Due south America. Self-sustaining feral populations occur in many places, mainly in North America and Europe.

The Italian animate being is rich in introduced species. Many introductions date from the time of the Roman Empire, such as the common carp.

Examples of more recent—and sometimes unwelcome—arrivals are the Asian tiger mosquito from Southeast Asia, the citrus long-horned beetle from Cathay, the citrus pest cottony absorber scale, the pumpkinseed fish, the mosquitofish, the Louisiana crayfish, the zebra mussel, the strawberry finch, the Eastern grey squirrel, Finlayson'south squirrel, and the coypu. Two introduced parrot species, the monk parakeet and the rose-ringed parakeet, are found in city parks.

Lessepsian migration [edit]

Since the structure of the Suez Canal in 1869, invasive marine species originating from the Carmine Sea accept go a major component of the Mediterranean ecosystem. Known as the Lessepsian migration, the introduced species take caused serious impacts on the Mediterranean ecology, endangering many local and endemic Mediterranean species. About 300 species native to the Cherry Sea have already been identified in the Mediterranean Sea, and there are probably others yet unidentified.

Conservation [edit]

Italy is a signatory to the Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats and the Habitats Directive both affording protection to Italian fauna and flora. National parks cover about v% of the land,^[22] while the full area protected past national parks, regional parks and nature reserves covers well-nigh 10.5% of the Italian territory,^[23] to which must be added 12% of coasts protected by marine protected areas.^[24]

Pleistocene fauna [edit]

The Pleistocene large mammals of Italy were primarily Eurasian immigrants fleeing extreme cold farther north. Typical species are:

• Cave carry, Ursus spelaeus
• European cave king of beasts, Panthera leo spelaea
• European hippopotamus, Hippopotamus antiquus
• Neanderthal, Homo neanderthalensis
• Woolly mammoth, Mammuthus primigenius
• Mammuthus meridionalis
• Straight-tusked elephant, Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) antiquus
• Woolly rhinoceros, Coelodonta antiquitatis

Insular dwarfism [edit]

Pleistocene dwarf elephants adult as a effect of insular dwarfism on the island of Sardinia:

• Mammuthus lamarmorae (Major, 1883)
• Elephas antiquus (Acconci, 1881)
• Elephas melitensi (Caria, 1965))

On the islands of Sicily and Republic of malta:

• Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) antiquus leonardii (Aguirre, 1969)
• Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) mnaidriensis (Adams, 1874)
• Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) melitensis (Falconer, 1868)
• Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) falconeri (Busk, 1867))

Other Pleistocene animals institute on these islands are:

• Sardinian dhole, Cynotherium sardous
• Sicilian hippopotamus, Hippopotamus pentlandi
• Sardinian dwarf mammoth, Mammuthus lamarmorae

Zoological museums [edit]

Museums which contain of import collections of the creature of Italian republic and which accept public galleries devoted to the Italian fauna are:

• Civico Museo di Storia Naturale di Trieste, Trieste
• La Specola, the Museum of Zoology and Natural History of Florence
• Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Ferrara [it]
• Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Genoa
• Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, Milan
• Museo Civico di Zoologia di Roma, Rome
• Museo civico di Rovereto [it], Rovereto
• Museo di Scienze Naturali Enrico Caffi, Bergamo
• Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze, Academy of Florence, Florence
• Museo storia naturale di Pisa, Pisa
• Museo tridentino di scienze naturali [it], Trento
• Natural History Museum of Giacomo Doria, Museo di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, Genoa
• Turin Museum of Natural History, Turin
• Zoological Museum of Naples, Naples
• Stazione Zoologica, Naples
• Museo paleontologico di Montevarchi [it], Montevarchi
• Museo civico di storia naturale di Verona [it], Verona.
• Museo di storia naturale del Mediterraneo [it], Livorno
• Museo di storia naturale della Maremma, Grosseto

Zoological societies [edit]

• Ente nazionale per la protezione degli animali [it] (ENPA)
• Lega Italiana Protezione Uccelli (LIPU)
• Unione Zoologica Italiana
• La Società Entomologica Italiana
• Societas Herpetologica Italica [it]
• Italian Horse Protection Association
• Tethys Research Institute

See also [edit]

• Flora of Italia
• Geography of Italy
• List of extinct and endangered species of Italia
• Listing of amphibians of Italian republic
• List of birds of Italy
• Listing of butterflies of Italy
• List of mammals of Italy
• List of moths of Italy
• List of non-marine molluscs of Italia
• List of reptiles of Italia
• List of snakes of Italia

References [edit]

1. ^ Livy (1797). The history of Rome. George Baker (trans.). Printed for A. Strahan.
2. ^ Sheri Foster (January 2021). "What is Italia national animal?". Yourtrip.com.
3. ^ James Hansen (June 2018). "Il lupo grigio degli appennini e 50 animale dell Italia". "affaritaliani.it">.
4. ^ "ITALY'S FIFTH NATIONAL REPORT TO THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY" (PDF). Italian Ministry for the Environs, State and Bounding main. p. vii. Retrieved 17 May 2015.
5. ^ "La ricchezza della Biodiversità italiana" (in Italian). Retrieved 10 March 2022.
6. ^ "Biodiversità" (in Italian). Retrieved ten March 2022.
7. ^ "Il clima in Italia" (in Italian). Retrieved 10 March 2022.
8. ^ "La "nicchia ecologica" di Fonte Santa: storia di un microclima unico in Italia" (in Italian). Retrieved 10 March 2022.
9. ^ Adriana Rigutti, Meteorologia, Giunti, p. 95, 2009.
10. ^ Thomas A. Blair, Climatology: General and Regional, Prentice Hall pp. 131–132
11. ^ "Ambiente: oltre 3600 specie animali nelle 40mila grotte italiane" (in Italian). Retrieved xiii March 2022.
12. ^ "CHECKLIST E DISTRIBUZIONE DELLA FAUNA ITALIANA" (PDF) (in Italian). p. 29. Retrieved ten March 2022.
13. ^ "Lista Rossa delle Farfalle italiane - IUCN" (PDF) (in Italian). p. 13. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
14. ^ "Mammiferi d'Italian republic - Ministero della Transizione Ecologica" (PDF) (in Italian). p. seven. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
15. ^ "Italian House Sparrow". EBN Italia. 1 May 2015. Retrieved ten May 2015.
16. ^ "Uccelli" (in Italian). Retrieved 11 March 2022.
17. ^ Peter Uetz; Jakob Hallermann; Jiri Hosek. "Distribution: italy". The Reptile Database . Retrieved 22 June 2021.
18. ^ "Quali sono gli anfibi autoctoni?" (in Italian). Retrieved 11 March 2022.
19. ^ "Animali anfibi: curiosità ed elenco delle specie più strane" (in Italian). Retrieved xi March 2022.
20. ^ ^{a b} "All fishes reported from Italy". Retrieved 10 March 2022.
21. ^ "Dove operiamo" (in Italian). Retrieved eleven March 2022.
22. ^ "National Parks in Italian republic". Parks.it. 1995–2010. Archived from the original on 29 March 2010. Retrieved 15 March 2010.
23. ^ "Regione east aree protette" (in Italian). Retrieved 11 January 2022.
24. ^ "Le aree protette in Italia" (in Italian). Retrieved two March 2022.

Bibliography [edit]

• Dobson, Thou. (1998). "Mammal distributions in the western Mediterranean: the role of human intervention". Mammal Review. 28 (ii): 77–88. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2907.1998.00027.x.
• Latella L., 2007. I Musei di Storia Naturale e la gestione del territorio, l'esempio della CKmap east il Museo di Verona. Museologia scientifica (n.s.) i: 149-151.
• Latella L., 2011. Il ruolo dei Musei di Storia Naturale nello Studio, monitoraggio, conservazione eastward divulgazione della biodiversità. alcuni esempi italiani. In: Pignatti S. (ed.). Aree protette east ricerca scientifica. ETS edizioni, Pisa: 101-112.
• Minelli A., Ruffo S., La Posta S. (Eds), 1993-1995Checklist delle specie della Fauna d'Italia [Checklist of the species of the Italian Fauna] Calderini Ed., Bologna. The starting time complete inventory of the animate being species of a whole country in Europe.Records 57,422 species (56,168 invertebrates and ane,254 vertebrates). A collaboration between Nature Conservation Service and the Scientific Commission for the Fauna of Italy, Italian Zoological Matrimony and the National Academy of Entomology. 272 specialists from 15 countries were involved in the projection.Species are (uniquely) identified by numerical codes. The piece of work is divided into 110 problems.
• Minelli A., 1996 La checklist delle specie della fauna italiana. United nations bilancio del progetto. Bollettino Museo Civico Storia naturale Verona, xx: 249-261.
• Minelli A, Chemin, C., R. Winch & Ruffo S. Ruffo & S.2002 La fauna in Italia. The fauna in Italy. Touring Editore, Milano e Ministero dell'Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio, Roma. Touring Editore, Milan and Ministry for the Environs and Territory, Rome. 448 pp.
• Sindaco, R., Doria, Grand., Razzetti, E. and Bernini, F. 2006 (eds) Atlas of Italian Amphibians and Reptiles\Atlante Degli Anfibi Due east Dei Rettili D'Italia Polistampa.
• [one] Logozzo, D., Bassi, East., and Cocchi, Fifty.. 2004. Crossing the body of water en road to Africa: fall migration of some Accipitriformes over two cardinal Mediterranean Islands. Ring 26:71-78.
• Stoche, F., 2000 How many endemic species ? Species richness cess and conservation priorities in Italy.Belgian Journal of Entomology, two: 125-133.
• Stoche, F., 2004 Banche dati e distribuzione della fauna italiana: gli invertebrati. Quad. Cons. Natura, 18, Min. Ambiente Ist. Naz. Fauna Selvatica: 21-36.

External links [edit]

• [two] FaunaItalia
• Fauna Europaea
• Wild Wonders of Europe Photo gallery
• biodiversityhotspots
• [3] Amphibia Web 48 Species returned for Italy
• Fishbase Returns 585 species (incomplete)
• Living Treasures Italia
• entomologiitaliani Entomology Forum. Many images. In Italian
• naturamediterraneo Forum. Many images In Italian
• European Marine Life
• Marine Research in Medina
• EBN Where to watch birds in Rome
• Biographies of famous Italian Zoologists
• Mondo Marino Photogallery Marine life 375 photos from the Mediterranean
• Scricciolo Alberto Masi Ornithology Website
• WWF
• Federazione Nazionale Pro Natura In English and Italian
• Conchiglie del Mediterraneo
• AIAM Faunal index folio (Major taxa)
• Ecoregions
• Protected areas
• Scarabeoidea of Italian republic

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna_of_Italy

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